Archivo de la categoría: Infraestructura de red

Separación, segmentación, comunicaciones, seguridad perimetral y electrónica de red.

Presentación Check Point 1200R Rugged Appliance

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Una de las características que presentan los entornos industriales, o aquellos donde estén presentes los sistemas de control y automatización, es lo hostil que puede ser el medio en cuanto polvo, humedad, temperatura, se refiere. Con la necesidad de tomar medidas en materia de ciberseguridad, los equipos deben de poseen una serie de características, aparte de las funcionales, que cumplan con estos requisitos de robustez, tolerancia a fallos, entre otras. Conscientes de esta situación, los fabricantes de soluciones de seguridad perimetral y redes han sacado al mercado productos para cubrir esta necesidad con más o menos gama dependiendo del fabricante. Hoy hablaremos del equipo 1200R del fabricante CheckPoint.

Como podemos comprobar posee un diseño rugerizado soportando un rango de temperatura entre -40 y 75 ºC con un índice de humedad sin condensación entre 20 y 90%. Al igual que otros, no posee un ventilador para su refrigeración, importante para aquellos espacios con gran cantidad de polvo en el ambiente. Pose un total de 6 puertos para comunicar equipos; 4 LAN, 1 WAN y 1 DMZ, pudiendo los dos últimos ser utilizados a través de módulos SFP como fibra óptica. También un puerto serie para comunicación por consola.

Tendremos la opción de alimentarlo bien por un bornero en la parte frontal o con una fuente tradicional a un enchufe a 220V por la zona posterior. Importante tener en cuenta que la que se suministra opera entre 0-40ºC lo cual supone una diferencia notable con respecto al del propio equipo.

En la zona posterior nos encontraremos con un slot para introducir una tarjeta SD-HC y ser utilizada como almacén de logs. El fabricante ofrece una de 32GB de capacidad con lo que, al menos, hasta esta cantidad estaremos cubiertos.

Cara a la instalación, tendremos la opción de colocar un soporte para carril DIN y montarlo en aquellos espacios que así lo requieran.

Sin embargo, conviene prestar atención si nuestra opción sea la de alimentarlo con la fuente de alimentación a 220 V ya que el espacio entre equipo y armario puede no ser el suficiente para el que ocupa el conector.

El equipo trae consigo la posibilidad de ser administrado tanto de forma centralizada a través de una consola de administración, o local vía web. En mi caso he elegido esta opción, para su puesta en marcha inicial. Para ello habrá que conectarse a l puerto LAN 1 e introducir la IP que viene por defecto, 192.168.1.1. Luego seguiremos el asistente para su configuración inicial.

 

 

Luego deberemos de llevar a cabo la actualización sistema y los servicios que trae consigo el propio equipo. Aquí al hacerlo a la versión de Firmware R77.20.75 como podemos apreciar la apariencia cambia.

Hasta aquí la presentación de este equipo que al igual que otros puede ser empleado para técnicas de Virtual Patching, protección de conjunto de equipos, o acceso remoto seguro. En futuras entradas veremos más del funcionamiento y cómo podremos proteger tanto nuestro entornos industriales como nuestras infraestructuras críticas.

Un abrazo!

Edorta

TAP Devices, Siemens TAP 104

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Few months ago, I wrote about how port mirroring is an allied to capture and analyze network traffic. You can access to the article clicking here. There are a lot of reasons to use it, such as identify communications, troubleshooting tasks, use of IDS/IPS systems, and so on. But port mirroring is not the only one, we can use TAP devices. However, as I said several times, we must use specialized equipment for these environments, in particular industrial ones. Today I will talk about Siemens TAP 104.

Siemens TAP 104 is a hardware device that can be installed between two devices to gather a copy of data traffic on Ethernet based networks. Once the collected frames are stored, we can visualize them with a network analyzer tool to identify the information that we are looking for. The TAP device does not affect to the communication that pass through it.

It has four RJ-45 ports. Two to connect the segments that we want to monitor and two more to connect the systems to collect the frames. It operates in a fault-free mode even when the power is off.

One use case can be as the picture below shows. For example, we can be interested to identify issues between the HMI and the S7-1500 PLC. The traffic will be gathered by Grassmarlin tool that can be downloaded from here. I wrote about it more than a year and half. You can find the article clicking here.

Following the concept of the previous picture, this time, I have replicated this scenario in small testbed. In the picture below you can identify different devices, such as Fortinet Fortigate Rugged 90D, Fortinet Fortiswitch 112D-PoE, Siemens PLC S7-1200, Siemens HMI, Siemens TAP 104 and a laptop. As you can see, the TAP is just in the middle of the Fortigate switch and the PLC. Each communication from and to them, is replicated to the first RJ-45 port, where the laptop is connected and running Wireshark packet analyzer.

Once the traffic is gathered, we can open it with an analyzrer. Below we can see the information available from LLDP protocol as system description, IP management address, and so on.

But if we are looking for information, we can see the values of sending and receiving from and to the devices.  In the picture below you can see the field “Function: GetMultiVariables”

And then displaying the field “Response Set-ValueList”  we can see the values 84 and 16, the same that appears in the HMI.

Today, with Siemens TAP 104, we see other way to gather network traffic to identify possible issues in our industrial communications where it is mandatory not to introduce additional latencies that may affect them. In general, it is very common to do it using Port Mirroring configurations, but as we have seen, there are others. Either Port Mirroring or TAP devices, we can find them a helpful resource for different use cases such as troubleshooting, anomalies, security problems and much more. Always with specialized equipment.

That is all for now, see you next time!

Edorta

Specialised products, FortiSwitch Rugged 112-D PoE

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As I said several times, the industrial communications trend to Ethernet Technology for the advantages that it provides. However, this is not similar to affirm that everything will can communicate by frames or packets. There are many scenarios where serial protocols are being used because is not possible to update to Ethernet. For example, migrate to it requires to change cabling, reconfigure devices, deploy new networking equipment, programming changes, and many other measures. But if we can, we must deploy networking devices according to these harsh environments. Today, I will show one that can be used for its capabilities, Fortinet FortiSwitch Ruuged 112D-PoE.

It has 8 GE RJ-45 ports and 4 more GE SFP slots. It can be necessary for those situations when you need to connect devices by optical fiber. It is widespread used because permits more than 100 meters, or less, and does not affect electromagnetic interferences in comparison with unshielded twisted pair Ethernet cabling. It supports fiber single mode, multimode and long haul single mode with LC connector

This switch can be used to connect PLCs, HMIs, or other device that communicates by industrial based Ethernet Protocols such as PROFINET, Ethernet/IP, Modbus/TCP, and so on. It has redundant power input terminals in the range from 44 to 57V DC to give service for PoE ports if needed.

There are not any fans to cool itself to prevent damages. It is so important for those dusty places where can affect the operation stopping them if it is excessive. The switch can work in a temperature range from -40 to 75º C (-40 – 167º F) and can be mounted in DIN rail or wall depending your rack or facility. Related to the atmosphere, it tolerates up to 5-95% of non-condensing humidity.

As you know, the lifecycle of industrial components and systems are higher in comparison with IT world. In this way, Fortinet affirm this switch has a mean time between failures (MTBF) more than 25 years. For this, it is capable to work in OT scenarios.

When you connect to its web interface you can see the dashboard where you can identify different information.

As you can see on the left, you will find a menu from where you can configure different features. For example, authenticate user to a LDAP server, port mirror ports, syslog server, and so on.

It operates at Layer 2 but you can get more Layer 3 capabilities if you connect it to a Fortinet Fortigate unit. Furthermore, you can manage your Fortiswitch from Fortigate console by FortiLink protocol. You will not find all the features, but you can configure VLAN interfaces, switch on and switch off ports, enable or disable PoE, and others.

Even though Ethernet technology give us a lot of improvements not always we will be able to implement them in own facilities in particular when they are working for 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. It requires a very big effort in time, knowledge and obviously, budget .

Depending the activity, availability, probably, we will only get time on Christmas, Easter Week or summer Holidays, to do everything we need. In addition to that, be sure that you meet with others employees such as maintenance technicians that they have to do tasks relative to keep on good state of operation of our infrastructures. And as you know, they have more priority.

In spite of this, either it is possible to update or deploy a new facility we need to know which are the devices available that meet the requirements that we need. In the same way, industrial and automation control system vendors have been working to deploy new products for Cybersecurity purposes; the Cybersecurity product manufactures have developed industrial networking equipment. One of them, is Fortinet FortiSwitch Rugged 112D-PoE that I have shown. All features can be found by clicking here.

Other choice to find the best solution for our needs.

See you next time!

Regards

Edorta